Course syllabus

Molekylära drivkrafter 1: Termodynamik
Molecular Driving Forces 1: Thermodynamics

KFKA05, 7,5 credits, G1 (First Cycle)

Valid for: 2016/17
Decided by: Education Board C
Date of Decision: 2016-04-12

General Information

Main field: Technology.
Compulsory for: B2, K2
Elective for: Pi4
Language of instruction: The course will be given in Swedish

Aim

To introduce both classical and statistical thermodynamics and to give an understanding of the thermodynamic concepts and theories on the basis of molecular properties.

Learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding
For a passing grade the student must

• Be able to describe and explain central thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, temperature, heat and energy from molecular properties.
• Be able to formulate and explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
• Be able to explain the statistical basis of the Boltzmann distribution law.
• Be able to define and explain the definitions of free energy and chemical potential and their relation to equilibrium.
• Know the thermodynamics of simple mixtures and be able to predict different colligative properties from the knowledge of the composition of the studied system.

Competences and skills
For a passing grade the student must

• Be able to calculate pressure, volume and temperature in ideal gases.
• Be able to calculate energy and entropy changes for changes of state.
• Predict properties of phase equilibria for one and two component systems, such as the temperature and pressure dependence of vapour pressure and boling point.
• Predict relations between equilibrium constant, concentations, pressure and temperature in chemical equilibria, both practically and theoretically.
• Calculate partition equilibria with the help of the Boltzmann distribution law.
• Be able to calculate macroscopic properties, such as the internal energy and entropy, of an ideal diatomic gas.
• Be able to use a pocket calculator or computer to solve numerical problems, such as derivation, integration, determination of implicit variables and least square fits of experimental data to a polynom function.
• Be able to write simple, but complete, reports of laboratory experiments including numerical data treatment with confidence interval estimation and error propagation.

Judgement and approach
For a passing grade the student must

• Be able to discuss everyday phenomena, such as heat flow, expansion of gases and super-cooling, on the basis of sound statistical-thermodynamical reasoning.
• Be able to judge the validity of the fundamental thermodynamic models presented, such as ideal gases and ideal solutions.
• Be able to judge information in the surrounding world (for example in media) on the basis of thermodynamical reasoning.

Contents

• Basic concepts of thermodynamics such as work and heat, entropy, enthalpy, free energy and chemical potential are treated both from a molecular statistical end thermodynamic perspective. Ideal gases are treated exactly with the help of the molecular partition function. The Boltzmann distribution law is derived and applied to a number of different type of problems.
• Calculations on reversible, irreversible and adiabatic processes.
• Quantitative treatment of phase equilibrium in systems of one component.
• Quantitative calculations of the relations between pressure, temperature and composition in non-ideal systems of two components with one or more phases. This includes concepts such as partial molar quantities and activity, calculations of colligative properties (boiling point elevation, freezing point depletion and osmosis).
• Thermodynamic and statistic.mechanical treatment of chemical equilibrium.
• The course also discusses the basis of (bio)polymer stability.
• Three laboratory exercises treating chemichal equilibrium, vapor pressure and everyday thermodynamics. At least one laboratory report is written that includes basic statistical analysis and error propagation using the Monte Carlo method.
• One computer excercise treating the Boltzmann distribution law.

Examination details

Grading scale: TH
Assessment: The final grade is based on a written exam in the end of the course. Laboratory exercises must also be completed.

Parts
Code: 0115. Name: Written Examination.
Credits: 6,5. Grading scale: TH. Assessment: Written examination.
Code: 0215. Name: Laboratory Exercises.
Credits: 1. Grading scale: UG. Assessment: Approved reports give passing grade. Contents: The laboratory part of the course contains three "wet" laboratory experiments and one computer task.

Admission

Required prior knowledge: FMAA05 Calculus in One Variable, FMAA20 Linear Algebra with Introduction to Computer Tools, KOOA15 General Chemistry.
The number of participants is limited to: No
The course overlaps following course/s: KFK080, KFK090

Reading list

• Dill, K and Bromberg, S: Molecular Driving Forces, Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Nanoscience. 2nd edition. Garland Publishing Inc, 2010, ISBN: 9780815344308.
• Complementary compendium, produced at Biopphysical Chemistry.

Contact and other information

Course coordinator: Kristofer Modig, kristofer.modig@bpc.lu.se
Course homepage: http://www.cmps.lu.se/bpc/education/