Course syllabus

Termodynamik och ytkemi
Thermodynamics and Surface Chemistry

KFKA01, 10 credits, G1 (First Cycle)

Valid for: 2016/17
Decided by: Education Board C
Date of Decision: 2016-04-12

General Information

Main field: Technology.
Compulsory for: W2
Language of instruction: The course will be given in Swedish

Aim

• To introduce the classical thermodynamics for the students and also to exercise the students to use the different models presented in the course.
• To introduce surface and colloidal chemistry for the students.

Learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding
For a passing grade the student must

• Know the first and second laws of thermodynamics and be able to calculate energy and entropy changes for temperature, volume and pressure changes.
• Know the definitions of free energy and chemical potential and be able to use them for equilibrium calculations.
• Know the thermodynamics of simple mixtures-mainly ideal solutions, but also simple models for nonideal systems. Be able to use activities and activity cofficients.
• Be able to predict different colligative properties of a solution, such as osmotic pressure, freezing point depression and boiling point elevation, from the knowledge of the composition of the studied system.
• Be able to use phase diagrams for two component systems
• Understand the background to the equilibrium equation for a chemical system.
• Be able to use different methods to measure surface tension.
• Charactarize different types of surfactants.
• Know what a micell is and the meaning of the critical micell concentration, cmc.
• Know the meaning of: a liquid crystal , flotation, adsorption isotherms and colloidal stability.

Competences and skills
For a passing grade the student must

• Be able to calculate pressure, volume and temperature in ideal and nonideal gases.
• Be able to determine the temperature and pressure dependence of the different phase equilibria in a one component system.
• Be able to calculate the vapour pressur and boling point of a two component solution.
• Be able to calculate the temperature and pressure dependence of equilibrium constants.
• Be able to use a numerical calculator to solve equations and integrate and also to use the calculator in least square fits of experimental data to a polynom function.

Judgement and approach
For a passing grade the student must

• Understand the validity of the models presented in the course.

Contents

 

The course treats two main areas:

1. Thermodynamics

Basic concepts of thermodynamics such as work and heat, entropy, enthalpy, free energy and chemical potential.

Equations of state for gases.

Calculations on reversible, irreversible and adiabatic processes. Heat engines.

Quantitative treatment of phase equilibrium in systems of one component.

Thermodynamics of mixtures. Ideal solutions. Raoult's law. Destillation. Ideal dilute solutions. Henry's law. Colligative properties. Phase diagrams of two-component systems. Partial molar quantities. The concept of activity.

Thermodynamic treatment of chemical equilibrium for gases and solutions. Solubility. Electrochemical cells.

2. Surface chemistry

Interfaces, surface tension. Experimental methodes to determine the surface tension. Curved interfaces: Laplace and Kelvin equations.

Surfactants. Micelles; methodes to determine the critical micellar concentration (cmc). Liquid crystalline phases. Solubilisation. Surface films. Foams and aerosols. Emulsions and emulsifiers. Lipid double layers.

Solid surfaces: physical and chemical  adsorption. Adsorption isotherms. Wetting. Charged surfaces; the DLVO-theory. Colloids and their stability.

 

Examination details

Grading scale: TH
Assessment: The final grade is determined by the result achieved on the written exam. In order to pass the course, the student has to pass each of the different course components (laboratory exercises, home assignments and exam).

Parts
Code: 0115. Name: Written Examination.
Credits: 8. Grading scale: TH. Assessment: For passing grade, 50 % of the maximum is required. Contents: Written exam.
Code: 0215. Name: Laboratory Exercises and Home Assignments.
Credits: 2. Grading scale: UG. Assessment: The tasks are presented either as a written report or orally. For passing grade, the written report should be simple but correct and to the point. They should also have a proper structure and contain a relevant discussion.

Admission

Required prior knowledge: FMAA05 Calculus in One Variable, KOOA01 Introductory Chemistry, FAFA20 Energy and Environmental Physics
The number of participants is limited to: No
The course overlaps following course/s: KFK060, KFK080

Reading list

• Barnes, G. och Gentle, I.: Interfacial Science: An Introduction, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011, ISBN: 978-0-19-927882-4.
• Smith, E. B.: Basic Chemical Thermodynamics, Sixth Edition. Imperial College Press, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-78326-336-3.
• Complementary material, including problems and laboratory instructions, produced at the Department.

Contact and other information

Course coordinator: Pär Söderhjelm, Par.Soderhjelm@bpc.lu.se
Course homepage: http://www.cmps.lu.se/bpc/teaching/