Aim
The course is designed to provide knowledge of how the spread of fire and combustion gases is simulated using ”Computational Fluid Dynamics” (CFD), vaious methods for modelling (LES, RANS) in fire safety design and fire investigations. It also provides an understanding of the limitations of the numerical and physical models used, and an awareness of the most common sources of error.

Knowledge and understanding
For a passing grade the student must

• be able to describe the physical models used for conservation of mass, material, energy, and momentum.

• be able to describe various numerical methods for solving the equation sets.

• be able to identify the limitations and most common sources of error of the model components used.

Skills and abilities
For a passing grade the student must

• be able to calculate the spread of combustion gases in various enclosure configurations using CFD programs.

• be able to assess calculated results against experimental data.

• be able to decide on how the uncertainty in a simulation can be estimated on the basis of assumptions included in the physical and numerical models used.

• be able to understand and use professional terminology within the field of fire evolution simulation using CFD.

• be able to report on, both orally and in writing, and discuss the implications of the executed simulation of the spread of combustion gases in association with fire safety design and fire investigations.

• be able to make use of material published in technical references and user manuals for advanced simulation programs for combustion gas spreading.

• be able toapply, with a certain degree of independence, newly-acquired knowledge to new fire safety design cases.

Judgement and approach
For a passing grade the student must

• demonstrate insight into the possibilities and limitations of fire safety simulation methods, as well as their role in advanced building technical project planning and in human responsibility for their use.

• demonstrate capability for identifying his/her own needs for further knowledge and for on-going improvement of his/her own competence in fire safety simulation.

Contents

• Introduction to CFD

• Time and length-scales in fires

• Turbulence models

• Numerical methods

• Large eddy simulation (LES)

• Combustion models

• Radiation models

• Soot models

• Heat transfer models

• Creation and processing of CFD models

Literature
Lecture notes
Manuals to computer progrms for example AC3D, SOFIE, FDS, CFX and programs for visualisation.
SFPE-handbook Chapter 3:8 ”Modelling Enclosure Fires Using CFD” by G.Cox and S.Kumar
Carlsson, J: Computational strategies in flame-spread modelling involving wooden surfaces. Brandteknik, Report 1028 Lic. thesis Lund 2003. chapter 4-6.